Parameters optimization and phase analysis of decentered grating stretchers

A decentered grating stretcher for chirped pulse amplification systems is analyzed with oblique meridional ray tracing. Several formulae and conclusions are developed to design and optimize the stretcher. On basis of an analytical phase expression with an explicit significance, the expressions of the second-, third- and approximate fourth-order phases at the central wavelength are presented with only independent variables. These simplify the parameter design for this kind of stretcher and the phase compensation design of the whole amplifier system, which has been demonstrated with a practical example.     

Photophysics of Silicon Phthalocyanines in Aqueous Media

Phthalocyanines have been used as photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents because of their uniquely favorable optical properties and high photostability. They have been shown to be highly successful for the treatment of cancer through efficient singlet‐oxygen (¹O₂) production. However, due to their hydrophobic properties, the considerations of solubility and cellular location have made understanding their photophysics in vitro and in vivo difficult. Indeed, many quantitative assessments of PDT reagents are undertaken in purely organic solvents, presenting challenges for interpreting observations during practical application in vivo. With steady‐state and time‐resolved laser spectroscopy, we show that for axial ligated silicon phthalocyanines in aqueous media, both the water:lipophile ratio and the pH have drastic effects on their photophysics, and ultimately dictate their functionality as PDT drugs. We suggest that considering the presented photophysics for PDT drugs in aqueous solutions leads to guidelines for a next generation of even more potent PDT agents.     

壳聚糖的改性及其纳米粒子的制备

通过壳聚糖上的氨基与硬脂酸和硫辛酸的羧基脱水缩合反应,将硬脂酸和硫辛酸接枝在壳聚糖上,引入的疏水性基团使修饰的壳聚糖具有两亲性。对修饰壳聚糖残留的自由氨基进行甲基化,使氨基的pKa值由6.6增加到6.8~7.1。修饰的壳聚糖在水介质中经超声分散即可形成纳米粒子,纳米粒子的Zeta电位为正值,说明修饰壳聚糖中残留的氨基和甲基化的氨基处于纳米粒子的表面。纳米粒子经二硫苏糖醇还原,然后经空气中的氧气氧化,在纳米粒子中形成二硫键交联结构。     

A Hairpin Electrochemical Aptasensor for Sensitive and Specific Detection of Thrombin Based on Homogenous Target Recognition

An electrochemical aptasensor was developed for sensitive and specific detection of thrombin by combining homogenous recognition strategy and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) amplification. Streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase was used as reporter molecule. Compared with the traditional hairpin aptasensor monitoring the distance of the redox molecule from the electrode surface, the proposed aptasensor successfully overcome the limitations of distance and improved the stability and high affinity of the aptamer hairpin through homogenous recognition, which enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors effectively. Additionally, AuNPs were employed to increase the active area and conductivity of the electrode, thus, improving the sensitivity of the aptasensor. As a result, the designed thrombin detection sensor obtained a lower detection limit of 0.52 pM in buffer and 6.9 pM in blood serum.     

Octahedral CuII and NiII complexes manifesting with N′-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene] acetohydrazide: Structural outlooks and spectral characteristics

A tridentate hydrazone precursor, N′-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene]acetohydrazide (L) (1:1 refluxed product of acetichydrazide and 2-acetylpyridine), produced two octahedral Cu^II and Ni^II derivatives, [CuL₂]·NO₃ (1) and [NiL₂]·ClO₄·H₂O (2). Both are subjected to X-ray diffraction system, and structural investigation shows that the central metal atom (Cu^II or Ni^II) adopts a distorted octahedral geometry with N₄O₂ donor sets by coordination of a pair of independent hydrazone precursors. Besides X-ray study, IR and UV-vis spectra, thermal analysis and room temperature magnetic moments are utilized for establishing significant characteristics of both complexes. It is apparent that the M-N_pyridine bonds are slightly longer than the M-N_imino bonds, Cu1-N1 and Cu1-N4 [2.300(2) and 2.038(2) ?] for 1 and Ni1-N1 and Ni1-N4 [2.075(2) and 2.084(1) ?] for 2, Cu1-N2 and Cu1-N5 [2.062(1) and 1.932(1) ?] for 1 and Ni1-N2 and Ni1-N5 [2.008(2) and 1.975(2) ?] for 2, respectively. As per our observation, the effective magnetic moment value (μ_eff) is found to be 1.77 B.M. for 1 and 3.06 BM for 2, respectively.     

One-Pot Etherification of Ketones and Aldehydes with Organic Halides Using Sodium Hydride as a Reductant

One-pot etherification reaction of aromatic and some aliphatic carbonyl compounds with organic halides in the presence of sodium hydride as a reducing reagent proceeded smoothly in dioxane, a polar solvent with higher boiling point, to provide desired ethers in moderate to high yields.     

Synthesis of 1,5-diphenylpent-3-en-1-yne derivatives utilizing an aqueous B-alkyl Suzuki cross coupling reaction

1,5-Diphenylpent-3-en-1-yne derivatives were isolated in minor quantities from terrestrial plants and exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity. A cross coupling reaction between B-benzyl-9-BBN and chloroenynes under mild condition was developed resulting in the formation of different 1,5-diphenylpent-3-en-1-yne derivatives with a full control on the E/Z selectivity. Several substrates bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents were tolerable under the reaction conditions affording the corresponding products in good yields. This is the first study to report the synthesis of a vast array of novel 1,5-diphenylpent-3-en-1-yne derivatives paving the way for the preparation of tailored derivatives on mass scale necessary for biological studies and drug development.     

纳米Pd的形貌和尺寸可控制备及其1,4-丁炔二醇加氢性能

采用化学还原法合成Pd纳米立方体,并将其作为晶种,进一步合成大尺寸的纳米Pd立方体以及具有不同{100}和{111}晶面比例的纳米Pd多面体.将形貌和尺寸可控的纳米Pd溶胶应用于1,4-丁炔二醇催化加氢的反应中,反应结果表明,纳米Pd的催化性能取决于其尺寸和形貌.{111}晶面的催化活性高于{100}晶面,PVP稳定的Pd胶体对1,4-丁烯二醇均具有较高选择性,具有适当{100}和{111}晶面比例的纳米Pd多面体对1,4-丁烯二醇的选择性可达96%.     

One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Polyheteroaromatic Compounds by Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Multiple C?H Activation and Annulation

A new method for the synthesis of highly substituted naphthyridine‐based polyheteroaromatic compounds in high yields proceeds through rhodium(III)‐catalyzed multiple C H bond cleavage and C C and C N bond formation in a one‐pot process. Such highly substituted polyheteroaromatic compounds have attracted much attention because of their unique π‐conjugation, which make them suitable materials for organic semiconductors and luminescent materials. Furthermore, a possible mechanism, which involves multiple chelation‐assisted ortho C H activation, alkyne insertion, and reductive elimination, is proposed for this transformation.